Grassland Earless Dragons
(Tympanocryptis osbornei)
Photo by George Madani
(Tympanocryptis lineata)
Photo by Mikayla Burke
(Tympanocryptis pinguicolla)
Photo by Matt Clancy
(Tympanocryptis mccartneyi)
Photo by Gavin Waters
Meet the Dragons
Grassland earless dragons, small enough to fit in the palm of your hand, are cryptic lizards that inhabit the natural temperate grasslands of southeastern Australia. Their genus name (Tympanocryptis), meaning “hidden ear,” reflects the unique adaptation of scale-covered ear holes, which doesn’t impair their hearing. They have 3 thin pale lines running along their light-and-dark patterned backs which assists with camouflage and males boast bright yellow throats. They shelter in soil cracks, under rocks, in grass tussocks and fascinatingly in wolf spider burrows! They have very small home ranges and rarely stray too far from their burrows. As sit and wait predators, they ambush insect prey like ants, beetles and grasshoppers. Four endemic species with highly limited distributions exist: the Monaro, Victorian, Canberra, and Bathurst GEDs, making them a rare and fascinating part of Australia’s biodiversity.
Habitat
Grassland earless dragons are restricted to fragmented patches of remnant Natural Temperate Grasslands. Less than 1% of this threatened ecosystem remains. Within this habitat, dragons prefer areas with a more open structure, characterised by small patches of bare ground between grass tussocks. In addition to grass tussocks, partially embedded surface rocks, and spider and other arthropod burrows are also used for shelter. These are important micro-habitat elements within the grassland habitat that help shield dragons from the extreme temperatures of their home. They also provide protection from predators such as birds and snakes.
Breeding
Grassland earless dragons begin breeding in spring, with gravid females observed from September to January. Females lay up to five eggs per clutch in burrows made by invertebrates, such as wolf spiders, or in shallow scrapes they dig themselves. Once laid, the eggs are carefully covered with loose soil or small debris. After an incubation period of 40 to 70 days, juveniles emerge, typically appearing in the landscape during late summer and autumn. These tiny hatchlings weigh as little as 0.6 grams and measure around 3 cm in length.
As part of a captive breeding program, individuals of the Victorian and Canberra species have been taken into captivity. These programs aim to enhance understanding of the species through research and to maintain insurance populations. The ultimate goal is to supplement wild populations with genetically diverse individuals, aiding the recovery and long-term conservation of this endangered species.
FAQ
Why Are They called earless dragons?
Their ear membrane (tympanum) is covered in scales to aid camouflage. Whereas in other dragons, the ear opening is quite obvious.
Why are they called dragons?
Dragons are called “dragons” because the first representative from the dragon family (Agamidae) described by science was a flying dragon from the jungles of Borneo, which was given the genus name Draco, Latin for “dragon.” This name reflects the creature’s gliding ability and connects modern scientific classification with the rich mythical tradition of fantastical dragons.
What do I do if I think I've found one?
Let us know!!! Dragons differ from other lizards found in grasslands because they have distinctive rough, scaley skin and a defined head. Earless dragons do not have an external ear opening. If you think you’ve spotted a grassland earless dragon it is important to note the location, habitat and ideally include a clear photo. This will all help with confirming your potential sighting.
How can I get involved?
You can follow us on social media for regular updates, report any potential sightings of dragons, and consider collaborating with us if you’re a researcher or a potential student. Additionally, stay tuned for updates on when we may need help with surveys, as your participation can make a difference!
What are the biggest threats to Grassland earless dragons?
- Overgrazing
- Habitat fragmentation
- Ploughing
- Rock removal
- Climate change
What can I do to help the dragons?
- Report your sightings
- Retain areas of native pasture
- Don’t plough your paddocks
- Allow rocks to remain in your paddocks
- Consider inviting the Alliance to conduct surveys on your land
- Make a donation to the Alliance
- Spread the word!
What does it mean if i have GEDs on my property?
If dragons are found on your property, you are doing an excellent job of managing their habitat and don’t need to do anything differently.
Why are GEDs worth protecting?
Grassland earless dragons are a resilient species that have survived ice ages and once coexisted with megafauna, they are a vital emblem of Australia’s threatened grasslands, deserving protection for their ecological role, local uniqueness, and intrinsic right to exist.
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